طراحی الگوی آماده‌سازی دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره دوم متوسطه شهر تهران برای ورود به بازار کار
کلمات کلیدی:
آماده‌سازی شغلی, دانش‌آموزان دختر, دوره دوم متوسطه, مهارت‌آموزی, بازار کار, اشتغالپذیریچکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی و اعتبارسنجی الگوی آماده‌سازی دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره دوم متوسطه شهر تهران برای ورود به بازار کار انجام شد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی–توسعه‌ای و با رویکرد آمیخته متوالی اکتشافی (کیفی–کمی) انجام شد. در بخش کیفی، از روش داده‌بنیاد نظام‌مند استراوس و کوربین استفاده شد و 16 نفر از خبرگان حوزه‌های آموزش و پرورش، آموزش عالی و بازار کار به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته گردآوری و با کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل شدند. در بخش کمی، الگوی استخراج‌شده با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته در نمونه‌ای شامل 360 دانش‌آموز دختر دوره دوم متوسطه نظری از مناطق 1، 5، 11، 14 و 15 تهران که به روش تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند، اعتبارسنجی شد. پایایی پرسشنامه با آلفای کرونباخ 0.87 تأیید شد و داده‌ها با مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS-SEM) در نرم‌افزار SmartPLS 3 تحلیل شدند. نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد شرایط علّی اثر مثبت و معناداری بر پدیده محوری آمادگی مهارتی و اشتغال داشت (β=0.401، t=6.124) و اثر عوامل زمینه‌ای نیز مثبت و معنادار بود (β=0.351، t=5.176). در مقابل، اثر شرایط مداخله‌گر بر پدیده محوری از نظر آماری معنادار نبود (β=0.092، t=1.808). پدیده محوری اثر مثبت و نیرومندی بر راهبردهای اجرایی نشان داد (β=0.565، t=12.298) و راهبردها نیز به‌طور معناداری پیامدهای مثبت را پیش‌بینی کردند (β=0.517، t=9.912). مقادیر AVE بین 0.51 تا 0.55 و CR بین 0.71 تا 0.83 قرار داشت؛ همچنین HTMT=0.80، SRMR=0.067 و GOF=0.80 بود که روایی، پایایی و برازش مطلوب مدل را تأیید کرد. الگوی پیشنهادی نشان می‌دهد آماده‌سازی مؤثر دختران برای ورود به بازار کار مستلزم تعامل هماهنگ شرایط علّی و زمینه‌ای، تقویت آمادگی مهارتی و شغلی و اجرای راهبردهای عملیاتی است؛ بنابراین، اصلاح برنامه‌های آموزشی، تقویت مشاوره شغلی، توسعه مهارت‌های کاربردی و ایجاد پیوند نظام‌مند میان مدرسه و بازار کار می‌تواند زمینه ارتقای اشتغال‌پذیری دانش‌آموزان دختر را فراهم سازد.
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حق نشر 2025 فرح ناز یادگاری (نویسنده); محمد حسن پرداختچی; احمدرضا سنجری, هرمز مهرانی (نویسنده)
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